ABSTRACT
Due to worldwide spread of influenza A [H1N1] virus, the World Health Organization declared the first pandemic of influenza in four decades. This study aims to report the mortality from pandemic influenza A [H1N1] in Iran population and its epidemiologic and clinical characteristics up to December 21, 2009. The data were obtained from all provinces and reported to center for disease control of Ministry of Health and Medical Education [MOHME] of Iran through nationwide surveillance system for influenza A [H1N1] was implemented by MOHME since April 2009. Of 3672 confirmed cases of influenza A [H1N1] in Iran between 22 May and 21 December 2009, 140 [3.8%] deaths were reported, mostly in 15-65 year old [yo] age group [67%]. The highest admission mortality rate was in > 65 yo group [107 deaths/1000 hospitalized cases]. Of decedent patients, 54% had no long term condition or risk factor, 34% had one, 11% had two, and 1% had three. Diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, chronic respiratory diseases and hypertension were the most common underlying conditions. The most common clinical pictures of death were acute respiratory distress syndrome and viral pneumonia. Although 66% of decedent patients received oseltamivir, enough information was not available about time of onset of antiviral therapy. As death due to influenza A [H1N1] occurs in all age groups and in those with and without any predisposing factors, we recommend health policy makers to provide influenza vaccination for people with underlying conditions and respiratory hygiene for all people
ABSTRACT
Reports of renal scar formation in children even in the absence of vesicoureteral reflux necessitates studying other causes of this major complication. The present study mainly focuses on the role of recurrent urinary tract infections [UTI] in renal scar formation. The records of 53 patients with recurrent UTI and the data on their regular follow up visits were reviewed. Renal scar formation was confirmed by dimercapto-succinic acid [DMSA] scan. DMSA scan, done at a mean age of 8.31 years, revealed renal scar formation in 12 cases [22.44%]. Seventy-five percent of the patients with scar formation and 80.5% without scar were older than 3 years at the time of the first documented UTI. The etiologic organism was found to be Escherichia coli in 89.2% of the infections in the scar forming versus 78.8% in the non-scar forming group. In the presence of normal urinary tract anatomy, recurrent UTI can be a significant cause of renal scar formation in children